An Assessment of Adherence to Cardiac Rehabilitation Programs Among Post-Myocardial Infarction Patients in Bauchi State
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Background of the Study
Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a structured program designed to improve the health and quality of life for patients recovering from myocardial infarction (MI) and other heart diseases. It includes physical exercise, education, and counseling aimed at reducing the risk of recurrent cardiac events (Ogunbiyi et al., 2023). Adherence to cardiac rehabilitation programs is critical for improving long-term cardiovascular outcomes and preventing further complications such as heart failure or stroke (Olabode et al., 2023). Despite the proven benefits of CR, many patients fail to fully engage in these programs, especially in resource-constrained regions like Bauchi State.
In Bauchi State, the uptake and adherence to cardiac rehabilitation programs are low, often due to a combination of factors such as cultural beliefs, socioeconomic status, and inadequate healthcare infrastructure (Ezenwa et al., 2024). Nurses, as the primary caregivers in many rehabilitation settings, play an essential role in educating patients about the importance of adhering to these programs. However, there is limited research on the level of adherence to cardiac rehabilitation programs among post-MI patients in Bauchi State. This study aims to assess the factors influencing adherence to cardiac rehabilitation programs among post-myocardial infarction patients in Bauchi State.
Statement of the Problem
Although cardiac rehabilitation is a well-established intervention for improving outcomes in post-myocardial infarction patients, adherence to these programs remains suboptimal in Bauchi State. The lack of patient participation in rehabilitation programs could be attributed to several factors, including a lack of awareness, cultural barriers, financial constraints, and poor healthcare support. This study seeks to evaluate the level of adherence to cardiac rehabilitation programs in Bauchi State and identify the key factors contributing to non-adherence.
Objectives of the Study
- To assess the level of adherence to cardiac rehabilitation programs among post-myocardial infarction patients in Bauchi State.
- To identify factors influencing the adherence of post-myocardial infarction patients to cardiac rehabilitation programs.
- To evaluate the role of healthcare providers, especially nurses, in promoting adherence to cardiac rehabilitation.
Research Questions
- What is the level of adherence to cardiac rehabilitation programs among post-myocardial infarction patients in Bauchi State?
- What are the key factors influencing adherence to cardiac rehabilitation among these patients?
- How do nurses contribute to improving adherence to cardiac rehabilitation programs in Bauchi State?
Research Hypotheses
- Post-myocardial infarction patients with higher levels of education and awareness are more likely to adhere to cardiac rehabilitation programs.
- Socioeconomic factors such as income and transportation are significant barriers to adherence to cardiac rehabilitation.
- Effective nurse involvement in educating and supporting patients will increase adherence to cardiac rehabilitation programs.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study will focus on post-myocardial infarction patients who have been prescribed cardiac rehabilitation programs at healthcare facilities in Bauchi State. The study will explore factors such as demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, and nurse-patient interactions. Limitations may include the difficulty in obtaining accurate adherence data due to patients' self-reporting or recall bias.
Definitions of Terms
- Cardiac Rehabilitation (CR): A medically supervised program that helps patients recover from heart attacks, heart surgery, and other heart conditions through exercise, education, and lifestyle changes.
- Adherence: The extent to which patients follow medical recommendations and participate in prescribed rehabilitation activities.
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